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I can't attest to either, having not read them, but you might try Bob Harper's "Practical Foundations for Programming Languages", or Benjamin Pierce "Types and Programming Languages".

I can vouch for TaPL - I can see it on my bookshelf from here. It's a great overview of the foundational concepts in PLT; Pierce's style is remarkable, he writes the most readable academic text I've ever seen.

(I also own & admire his Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists; I'm yet to brave his Advanced Topics in TaPL - I'm sure it's very good, but the contents list intimidates me.)

I doubt there is one true book for this.

For type systems your best bet is to learn languages with advanced typing features. Start with the friendly ones (TypeScript, python mypy, Rust, Haskell) and look at Idris for dependent types.

And then reread this post, and ask a lot of questions (reddit, stackexchange, quora).

The LtU getting started thread[1] may be worth checking out.

[1] http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/492