If new technology drastically changes what is possible with such data, it's up to society to change the law. Don't want the whole world to have access to your location data 20+ years back? Find enough people who agree, and it won't happen.
There are many countries (i. e. all of Europe) where such a database would already be illegal, and I'm having a hard time thinking of the possible downsides.
Sure, there's a sort of abstract notion of freedom at stake. But any real harm would require some slippery-slope argumentation. At the same time, there is a direct, obvious, and (in my opinion) rather strong loss of freedom that comes with such a breach of privacy.
All those defending those neo-nazis in Charlottesville and their right to assembly should oppose something like this. Because with such a database, there'd be pretty good lists of everyone who participated in any such rallies in the last decade online right now.
Want to keep your sexual orientation, religion, or political affiliation from your prospective employer? No longer possible. Happened to be in the same place as some criminal more than statistics would suggest? You're now a suspect. Etc etc.
When I am out and about, I expect to be the background NPC labeled as "villager", until I do something that would give someone adequate reason to identify me.