I would submit that you are not negotiating when you move jobs, are not moving jobs enough, or are sacrificing comp for other things you value if this is true. It is very normal for people to offer you a small bump over current salary to get you to move. Your goal is to at least double that bump, if not figure out how to get on another rung of the ladder entirely.

I say all of this because there has been a significant upward tick over the last 5 years. Roughly speaking new grads are now making the same as what people with 5 years of experience made 5 years ago.

You sound underpaid. Have you considered going to work for one of the big 5 tech companies?

The interview process is intimidating, but many people would likely be able to get through it if they did a couple months of intensive interview prep beforehand.

Also, consider moving to the Bay Area, or another major city.