Damn, how many years of experience do you need to be able to come up with workable solutions as fast as this?
We used two convolutional neural networks, one for each side of the weld. Features extracted by these nets are then concatenated, as well as the meta data. Two fully connected layers are then applied on this vector, giving the final prediction. Everything was trained on the raw images resized to 20x150 pixels.
The AI part however is more complex, as it requires understanding of the concepts and methodologies behind it. We used Deep Learning methodologies for this project. This is an upcoming field in AI, which evolves very quickly. If you are interested in it, it's a great time to start learning the basics of it!