No, Firefox 57 does not use WebRender.
WR's architecture has changed significantly from that talk, for the better. In particular aggressive use of early Z has made our fragment shading performance go way up since then.
In Nightly you can turn WR on via about:config. But be warned that there are quite a few problems, including performance problems, that still remain. The foundation is solid, but the CSS rendering model is complex, and there's a good amount of engineering work that just has to happen to make every corner case fast. (For instance, parts of Ars Technica were recently found to be slow because the particular interaction between the CSS features it was using was causing Gecko to generate a ton of clipping operations for WR... there's no substitute for engineering polishing work that has to happen in cases like that.)