Racism totally existed in “free” states. His argument his the laws were more sneaky about it, since you couldn’t just say “no guns for blacks”
That was what I was getting at.
By "late for the region" I meant compared to their neighbours to the North and East (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, The Vermont Republic†) and Pennsylvania.
† Not a state at the time, for the obvious reason of being an unrecognized secession from New York, for the purpose of (among other things) abolishing adult slavery.