1) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) - the default GUI is a decent free front-end that integrates well and lets you do advanced stuff like graphically live-profile queries (live execution plans), easily setup security, build indices, setup various things like linked servers, compression, etc. Although I'm a text-editor sort of person, I don't have SQL syntax memorized for infrequent tasks like creating indices so a GUI (or an IDE) can really help productivity in these instances.
Postgres's default GUI, pgAdmin is comparatively weak, and the good ones are third-party payware.
2) Columnar indices - MSSQL has a fairly good implementation called columnstore indices, which creates a derived column-oriented data structure which speeds up analytic queries quite a bit.
3) Speed - SQL Server is very performant and optimized, and doesn't choke on very large datasets. Postgres is decent, but on my datasets it doesn't seem to be very performant.
Also, MSSQL locking is a boon and a bane. It's not the best for environments with high contention, but it is ok for most analytic database use cases. On the other hand, Postgres' MVCC (and oh the vacuuming) can be annoying.