I think what's going on here is that you're reading "if" as meaning "whether". In fairness, this is common English usage: "I'll tell you tomorrow if I'm going" usually means "I'll tell you tomorrow whether I'm going".
That's not what the OP means. The correct reading is perhaps clarified with a comma:
> A Bloom filter is guaranteed to report correctly, if it contains the item.
or perhaps better
> If it contains the item, a Bloom filter is guaranteed to report correctly.
IMO it is better to present the Bloom filter by asking/stating what one can be certain of given each return value of the Bloom filter.
If it contains the item -> reports that it contains the item (correctly)
If it doesn't contain the item -> may report that it contains the item (incorrectly)