the I ching: yin(0) and yang(1); 1000BC
You divine a series of yins and yangs, usually 3 or 6.. trigrams and hexgrams (o).. then look up that sequence in the text to discover it's meaning
010010 references one, whereas 000100 references another
I guess you could argue it's more Shannon than leibniz
If not, each hexagram is just a bitstring, not a number in binary notation. If not used as numbers they don't count as numbers.
Words written with the standard English alphabet are not base-26 numbers until someone decides to interpret them as such. Dictionaries are lookup tables but the ordering is lexical not numerical. Maybe we are in agreement.