(1) What they are speaking - IN their script (this is called SLS: Same-Language-Subtitling and has been quite successful for literacy programs for one's own language)
(2) What they are speaking - IN my script
(3) What they MEAN - IN my language (i.e. translation)
Data for (1) is easy to find. (2) could theoretically be generated from (1). It's (3) which requires a lot of deliberate manual effort.
They've got several TV series (although they might not be your favorite series), depending on the language.
Subtitles in your own language will actually slow you way down. You'll stop hearing the words in the foreign language and just read your native language.
At first it will seem very difficult to have only the foreign language subtitles, but once you start seeing the repeated phrases and see the context in which it happens, you'll pick up new phrases very quickly.
It does take a leap of faith, because at first you'll understand almost nothing and it might be a bit boring or frustrating. If you stick with it, it's pretty powerful.
How long before things started clicking? Almost immediately. You recognize what you've recently learned from your other resources and you get to hear different pronunciations, accents, and even slurring. But to learn new things from context takes longer. It's very hard to say. I'm not keeping track of how many times I hear a slang phrase or some other common phrase before it sinks in. I would guess hundreds of times. But that's why this method works so well. The most common phrases and words will be repeated over and over even in one movie. So you are automatically getting more exposure to the most common words.
I found https://github.com/oaprograms/lingo-player, but it seems to have a broken dependency.
For (1), I have considered using https://cloud.google.com/speech/ because it's so cheap. I am learning Cantonese, and Cantonese subtitles virtually don't exist – frustratingly, everything is in Mandarin.
I would assume it's better for English because so much is produced in English, so there aren't two different teams on audio and text. I would try to find more German language stuff, but due to a lot of media region restrictions, it's insanely difficult to get foreign language material if you're in America. I've been known to pirate content just so my daughter can have French cartoons to watch. So frustrating...