Some papers showing direct connections between senescent cells and specific aspects of aging, in many cases turning back that aspect by removing the senescent cells.

Osteoporosis: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4385

Fatty liver disease: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15691

Disruption of platelet formation: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2017.00188

Osteoarthritis: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.4324

Disruption of regeneration: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00049

Lung fibrosis: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02367-2016

Pulmonary function in general, including tissue elasticity: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.87732

Atherosclerosis: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf6659

Vascular calcification: http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.101191

Chronic kidney disease: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17327

Cardiac hypertrophy: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182668

Cardiac fibrosis and function in general: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx454