I think that corporate taxes shouldn't exist _at all_ as they are merely an abstraction over sales taxes, income taxes, or capital gains taxes.
Why should anyone contribute to the society that allowed them to make their money the first place?
There are ways to work around that to a certain extent though, for instance you can donate to nonprofits for causes you care for and get a tax rebate. That effectively means that you decide where that share of the taxes gets invested personally.
But beyond that there's not much you can do, you'll never have a government you 100% agree with on all subjects, at some point you have to accept to compromise and vote for the representatives that best represent your viewpoint and interests. Or leave I guess.
Socialism is forcing your choice on other people's property through the only organization that has monopoly on violence in today's society - government.
I agree that i don't have the choice on what my taxes will be used for, and this is a problem, but the other choice is to count on charity? to pray that everybody will act like homo economicus and take rationnal decision on how to improve everybody well-being without being greedy and acting like children? Sicilian orphanage is what you get when "charity" is in charge. I'd rather pay taxes and have the state manage that tbh.
Now if someday, everybody become smart and decent enough, i would totally agree with you to ditch socialism et start a liberal anarchy.
And even when my overall contribution to my country will be highr than what my whole family got (and it will eventually happen), i'd still be happy to pay my taxes so that other kids can have the same chances i had.
I believe in meritocratic society and i don't see how to achieve that without socialism and some taxes until everyone stop being petty, greedy and/or self-centered. Then we can all be libertarian.
Finally i'm an utilitarist (well, a negative utilitarist following Popper's definition) so my moral values are not abstract.