Backscatter is (I think) when the target server of a spam mail bounces the email back to me, the rightful owner of the domain, typically because the address is not valid (though I sometimes also get out-of-office messages or mailbox full errors).

It works like this: the spammer forges their headers to make it look like the from address is under my domain. My domain has DKIM/SPF set up, so a good recipient will compare the email to the authentication records, see they don't match, and then trash the email. But there are still a lot of mail servers out there that don't have that set up, so they accept the email as valid, process it, then return it to me when the account doesn't exist on their server. Like I said, annoying, but not a lot I can do other than set up rules to trash messages with a subject of "Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender."