The Terra Ignota series (Too Like the Lightning / Seven Surrenders, and Will to Battle which came out last year).
Not only is it very different in tone/style from most traditional SF I've read, it also doesn't restrict itself to just tech/physical science - it explores social and political science what-ifs too.
I'd be hard pressed to name any other book I've read in the last year (or more) that's had me pause so often just to think on the ideas presented.