The southern agricultural economy suffered greatly after slavery ended. I think America will adjust to this some how, without starving.
Having zero abusable second-class workers would be more destructive. 150 years of dragging ass on modernizing their farming operations will come back and bite them all at once. But they probably won't learn their lesson and just use robots. They will beg and squeal for prisoner labor first. And then the cops will be ginning up bogus traffic offenses right before harvest time, so the people who can't pay the fines will have to pick vegetables instead.