Viper is an interesting approach on speeding up Python.
It's developed for MicroPython, which does give them room for breaking changes, but has trade-offs.
Arithmetic is much faster, but dictionary lookups take much longer compared to CPython.
Viper is a code-emitter from a large subset of Python, and even allows for inline assembly. But it's only for a few architectures at the moment, like ARM and x86.