"...a documentary I’d seen a while back, where some science-minded gamblers proved that a roulette wheel could reliably be beaten with a timer and a pocket computer.."
I suspect those two gamblers were Claude Shannon, founder of information theory, and Ed Thorp, a physicist who developed a card counting method for blackjack [1].
[1] http://nautil.us/issue/50/emergence/claude-shannon-the-las-v...