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Overall latency is important. Where it comes from isn't very important. Transferring data a few light-nanos of distance into or out of a colocated Mongo DB instance simply isn't going to move the needle on any important metric. (Disk IO latency might, but that has little to do with the speed of light.)

>Speed of light transfer of information latency

That's not a thing, at least not in this context or that phrasing.

That's not a design pattern, it's just a constraint that designs have to account for.