First six and last four are the limits for display set out by the PCI Security Standards Council. The things you should never store with the PAN are the PIN/PIN block or CVC/CVV.
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/pci_fs_data_storag...
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/pci_fs_data_storag...
First6 will give you ability to know the issuing bank of the card (so an email can be crafted to look like those banks emails). Plus last4 tends to be used by banks as a "hey, we know who you are!" when they send emails.
It is not required for charging a card, it is for reducing fraud.