One of the most devastating aspects of colonialism in Africa was the soil depletion caused by short-sighted colonial planters who planted resource-hungry cash crops. There are large tracts of land in various parts of Africa that once were extremely agriculturally productive but because of this depletion are quite barren. This has had cascading consequences for long-term development in Africa, and has been a non-trivial factor in exacerbating poverty and famine.

I mention this because climate change, while it might not have an outsized immediate effect on the countries that control the most guns/wealth, it could have major immediate consequences for populations with food insecurity, and therefore long-term consequences for populations that we currently consider food-secure. This extends to violent conflict as well.