https://clojure.org/guides/destructuring

Basically it means that you can assign several variables at once, by asssigning a complex value to an aproprietly structured literal with variables as placeholders.

In pseudojavascript, let's say you got this from some API:

    var someList = [1, 2, 3, 4];
    var someMap = { name: "John Smith",
                    age: 20,
                    cars: [{ id: "AAA-1111", model: "Ford T"},
                           { id: "AAA-1112", model: "Mercedes Benz"}] }

And you want to extract useful data for your code quickly. In languages with destructuring you can do sth like this:

    var [x, y & rest] = someList; //x==1, y==2, rest == [3, 4]
    var { "name": name,
          "age": age,
          "cars": [ {"id": firstCarId, "model": firstCarModel}
                  & restOfTheCars ]
        } = someMap;

And the language will put the correct values in your variables name, age, firstCarId, firstCarModl, restOfTheCars.