That's just a lookup table, not a database.
I'm still unsure whether a database would benefit me, or if keeping everything flat is easier for ~50GB on a single machine. I'm leaning towards yes, as does the article, but my log files do not need much maintenance so I do not make persistent transformations.
By definition. First sentence in wiki. I don't know what are your definitions.
It would be easier than for instance a hash table, or rather in networking, a deterministic solution is more common.
I'm obviously not a systems programmer though so I can't provide much else.