Adaptive Traffic Lights FTW
wired.com
wired.com
Braess' Paradox! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braess%27_paradox
Alright, so not quite - one is talking about introducing delays and the other is about the availability of options to rational players, but everyone should know a little bit about it.
I noticed the same thing when I lived in Seattle for a few months.
I doubt the signals are communicating with each other, but there is definitely some deployment of signals with sensors to detect whether a car is waiting on each side of the intersection.