They succeeded by expanding the mechanism to support actual discovered user needs. Which is what Bitcoin signally failed to do.
Besides, AirBnb didnt even fail in providing accommodation for conference goers with included breakfast. It still works perfectly in its original intended use.
Bitcoin was a political experiment before it was a technological one. You don't pivot political beliefs the way you pivot a business. The technological experiment is still ongoing, but the political experiment has failed its goals.
Really, though, I think the closest financial match is a private currency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_currency
These are illegal in most places because they historically have caused a lot of problems without much in the way of redeeming value: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States#1...
Digital currencies can be used via computers and networks while physical currencies such as banknotes and gold requires sneakernet.