For example CEO salaries have been increasing rapidly for several decades. Are they so much better now than 40 or more years ago?
No, I don't think that they are.
It's just that the subject is extremely important, though it's seemingly not related to 'truck driver shortage'. Part of the problem with seeking to first justify the way our economics are structured, and then explain the outcomes, is that it ignores externalities that can be important.
You could take the opposite tack and begin from 'wealthy people are inherently evil' and probably be almost as wrong, but then you'd be arguing a deeply anarchic position where leadership is only dominance and subjugation. That ignores things like Elon Musk's elaborate, sci-fi goals which are clearly that of a nerd writ large, and not simply a pointy-hair CEO guy wanting only wealth.
The truth is a lot simpler: value is what you're able to make happen, but compensation is sheer social engineering. CEO pay has absolutely nothing to do with whether they're more useful as a class than truck drivers. I think some of them are more useful than truck drivers, and some are not.
Like selling and leasing back real estate, which often pumps up cash flow for a few quarters and then cripples the company with operational expenditures instead of appreciating as land tends to do.
But CEO salary has nothing to do with the `Talent`. Tim Cook, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella all replaced their predecessors pretty well and will be replaced by someone better in future too.
The real reason for high CEO salaries is mostly about risk associated with replacement. Sundar Pichai got paid $100M in years 2015. Which looks high but when you realise there are 20M shares of Google it is merely $5 per share.
If you are a Google shareholder would you risk Google's steady growth for a $5 dividend per year ? Will you waste your time saving $100M or rather focus on empowering Sundar to find next $10B market to disrupt ?
CEO salaries are high and they will soar with time too as corporations become large and government regulations increase. As regulations and size of corporations increase a person friends with Ajit Pai would matter more than a person willing to take a pay cut.
As a free market person I have no problem understanding it. Whether it is desirable, good or bad those are value judgements but there is no magic or hidden conspiracies at play here.
P.S. : I think Sundar is getting paid really pennies. Justin Bieber made $80 Millions in year 2016. He is just a singer (and a bad one at it). Sundar on other hand is spearheading a company that forms the brain of our civilisational progress at the moment, responsible for employing millions across the globe and saving billions for entire humanity.