For Rust and Go, they're very new languages, so multiple implementations are going to be hard to come by. Although there is gccgo. Some of those you listed though have a lot of different implementations.
Ruby has the Ruby MRI, JRuby, among others. [0] Additionally it spawned a lot of Ruby-like languages on different platforms.
Python has the standard Python (Pick 2 or 3), PyPy, MicroPython, unladen_swallow, Stackless Python, IronPython, Jython, among others [1].
PHP has had the reference implementation, Zend Engine, HipHop and HHVM (Both from Facebook), among others [2].
As another comment mentioned, Javascript has V8, SpiderMonkey, Chakra, and JavascriptCore, all with their own quirks. [3]
[0] https://github.com/cogitator/ruby-implementations/wiki/List-...
[1] https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonImplementations
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP#Implementations
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_engine#JavaScript_e...