Ask HN: Is there a scientifically validated test for depression?

With all the talk of depression and mental health, I'm wondering if there is any test for depression that is scientifically validated (i.e., peer-reviewed and works well).

Ideally it would be a test that you could use daily to track your mental health. I've looked at Moodscope, but I'm hoping for something even quicker/easier if such a thing exists. Moodscope isn't that long but it's hard enough to get people to step on a scale every day to track their body weight and that only takes a few seconds.

Does such a test for mental health exist?