Neat idea. However, to accomplish this you have to mount the docker socket into Traefik's container...
Which means that when a bug shows up in Traefik attackers can pivot out of the container and onto the host; access to the docker socket is equivalent to root on the host.
And of course Traefik is the thing you're exposing directly to the internet.
It's like giving the guards outside manning your castle's gate the skeleton key to the rest of the castle.
Of course, Traefik is quickly becoming popular because of its simplicity. But to achieve this simplicity it carves a giant hole in the security of your application.