Same for Italian.
German and English are even more closely related: they are both West Germanic languages.
As a native English speaker, I cannot see any similar patterns between German in English when I happen across random conversations on a site like Reddit in German. But looking at romance languages, I can see more similarities.
Maybe it's because of my childhood environment in Texas, where most English speakers learn some basic Spanish by interacting with other people.
I would love to see a passage of German that can be intuitively reasoned about by an English speaker with no experience with German solely based on context and perhaps root words.
In all honesty I'd probably get confused though. :(
There was an episode of Barney Miller where one of the cops was translating for a German woman. At some point she says "Das ist mein bebe." Bebe is pronounced very similar to baby and means the same thing.
I can't find a video of just the scene. It is Season 5, Episode 5 The Baby Broker.
The Daily Motion has the episode, but it keeps glitching on me. I haven't been able to get to the scene in question.
I also used to have German language resources that built on words that were readily understood by English speakers.
I = ich
have = habe
hear = hören
before = bevor [in some meanings to be fair]
and = und
[Your first half sentence is a good example :)]
is = ist
can = können [and in general the whole can/können, shall/sollen, will/wollen connection - though the meanings have drifted a bit apart]
when = wenn
learn = lernen
see = seeen
word = wort
More generally, my experience is that literal (i.e., word-for-word) translations from German to English sound weird, but often comprehensible, while literal translations from French usually end up as gibberish.