Maybe for imperative languages where there is no support for lambda expressions (like C), but in Lisp or in functional languages call stacks are not part of the basic semantics. To put this in C terms, compilers for those languages will rewrite functions to take an extra argument called the "continuation", which is itself a pointer to a function, that is called when a function "returns." The result is that all function calls are tail calls, and by heap-allocating arguments and local variables (which is also necessary because it is possible to create and return a lexical closure), no call stack is needed (but you do wind up relying on a garbage collector). Other continuations are also used e.g. to support exceptions in Common Lisp.