There are books out there on hardware startups, but that’s the only thing I’ve seen. Are there any museums, courses, and or paid experiences people recommend in the US?
For books I'd recommend the "Chemical Engineers' Handbook" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry's_Chemical_Engineers'_Ha...
That's a pretty good general textbook that should give you a lot of fundamentals. We keep a copy in our office and it's well thumbed through.
Anything else I could recommend would be much less general more specialized topic (i.e thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics etc).
Sorry I can't really offer more than that Manufacturing is a hugely broad discipline. To start with maybe consider if you are more interested in primary processing (mining, refining, smelting etc) or secondary processing (turning raw materials into products).
There are numerous areas ofmanufacturing. Pick one to begin study.
https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=kw+industrial+engineering&...
I will teach you about laser cutting, robot welding, keeping the supply chain going, and how to make a profit when competing directly with China and India.