... which appears nowhere in the keyboard help or shortcuts. I actually used this in shells, from muscle memory, but never actually tried in editors or input fields.
> > "apt install"
> That is because no generic consumer in the world actually uses a text-based package manager.
I did mention the variety of GUIs; I like the CLI better, but I know people who prefer synaptic. Regardless of the interface, once you've decided to install a piece of software, Modern Linux does it much, much better than MacOS; It's possible that your use case requires packages unavailable in the repositories, in which case it doesn't matter - but the breadth of packages in debian/ubuntu/fedora repositories covers 99% of the users 99% of the time. No app store or repostiory on the mac does as well.
> Those three are pretty much all the same thing: preservation of state.
No, they aren't - two dots for two windows vs. one dot for one window is purely informative but hugely helpful. And while it might at some point converge to the "binary loaded or not doesn't matter", it's not there yet by a long short - and likely won't be for a decade.
The "quit vs. close" difference on OSX goes directly against the "preservation of state" concept you are promoting, in my opinion. In Ubuntu, whichever way I closed my Firefox (closing the window, shutting down the computer, upgrading the kernel, killall firefox, etc.) I get my state back. On the Mac, if I press the red button it doesn't, but if I choose "quit" on the menu it does ?!?
I mentioned them as things in which the MacOS fails compared to modern Linux, whereas somehow you took it as if the Mac does better.
Linux does preservation of directory view state as well. Except it is centralized and not all over the place. Windows does most of it in the registry (but put previews in the directory). These make much more sense -- and I think come because of Linux's Unix legacy of serving multiple users and having a lot of remote, read-only file systems often mounted. OSX is Unix, but is almost entirely single-user-at-a-time-and-they-own-everything-they-see from the day Apple adopted it.
Personally, I have configured my linux to automount every USB or network share read only unless I specify otherwise - I hate to accidentally modify files or directories, and many software allow themselves to drop swap/lock/backups even if you're in read only mode. MacOS is a huge offender from this perspective.