They'll recognize the chords instantly, without even having to glance at the printed notes. In practice, these things are usually called "charts" or lead sheets (if they have a melody) because they chart out the changes, which you solo over. They usually are found in "fake books", where it's assumed that the melody transcription is relatively awful, but it's close enough that a decent musician can quickly figure out the actual tune from it (assuming they've heard it before).
You'll almost never hear any seasoned jazz players refer to a chart like this as a "score", unless they have a very very classical background, or are sort of making a joke about the quality of a particular lead sheet. Scores are for orchestras and films and things like that. It's strange to see people keep referring to these sh*tty transcriptions as 'scores'.
It's like calling Kraft Mac 'n' cheese "pasta". Like, ok maybe technically it could qualify as a pasta, but you don't really refer to it as that in practice.