But these words are targeted at people who are not actually smart, but work hard to cover it up. In the west though, people who are actually smart get the hate. In fact, if you are in the top 0.5% or so, you could consider yourself lucky when you end up JUST ostracized. (Elon Musk famously got bullied so severely he had to get his nose fixed so he could breathe well)

There is this mysterious condition first described by Hans Asperger around the WWII, that the chinese fail to recognize and western scientists gave up understanding, until it was finally reclassified as a form of autism, as by every cognitive test they could think of, the people score normal, or (often highly) above average, yet they completely fail at interacting with other people. That is, until somebody realized they are too smart and nobody wants to interact with them: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927579/

This is a necessary consequence of individualism, as being smart in an individualist culture means you are a dangerous competition to basically everybody else, and everybody will do everything they can to make you fail. So it's pretty much certain that an individualist culture will eventually result in "idiocracy" by breeding itself stupid.

These insults seem to be targeted at unintelligent people who try to brute force their way to success.

That's "insults for hard work" perhaps, but not "insults for smart people".

That's a specific insult, for people who get good marks via rote learning and not via actually understanding the material.