Chips can be, if their case isn't opaque enough. Famous example would be the "camera shy" Raspberry Pi 2, which crashed when exposed to strong light like a camera flash: https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/xenon-death-flash-a-free-ph...

Other semi-conductors can be too, e.g. classical diodes in glas casing.

i distinctly recall articles much like this one about decapping dram parts in ceramic packages and focussing an images onto them with a lens. once you mapped the address lines to the physical structure, and tuned the aperture and ambient light levels of the chip you could get out a one bit image.