Something we did at Blekko which was really interesting/helpful was to feed a search query to our index, Bing's, and Google's and then compare the results. That was a great way to compare notes on ranking strategies between the three engineering teams.
[1] "In 2015, Mojeek's index surpassed the billion pages, the only search engine in the UK to accomplish this and one of just a handful worldwide to maintain an index of this size (English language). Although, passing this milestone is only the first step and Mojeek is continuing to increase its index size and improve relevancy." -- https://www.mojeek.com/about/technology.html