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The bad actors could be brought to trial in a United States court, which is a level of deterrent not included in offshore manufacturing. If a US manufacturer was found selling tampered chips then the company itself could be held liable. This would create a general pressure to increase onsight security.

There are other benefits to us based manufacturing, but you only brought up the crime aspect so I will leave the other benefits unsaid.

Americans can be bribed to do anything. However, you don't really need to bribe or ask someone to betray their country and fellow citizens when it's done on Chinese soil...

It's possible, but it's much, much, much easier for an American company to hold another American company accountable when something like this happens. Instead of having to go through all those hoops, you sue the pants off the manufacturer.