- Overpromising of benefits
- Underfunding mechanisms that allow deferral of contributions
- General mismanagement (I can assure you the best and brightest investors and fiduciaries don't work at public pensions)
- Corruption (ie related party deals)
The idea that "evil hedge funds" are responsible is silly. This might make for more clicks but the investment committee made the decisions to invest, so blame them. This isn't about hedge funds.
I've long argued that public pensions should be illegal. There are too many areas of interest misalignment. Things that can be abused, will, and public pensions are perfectly designed to facilitate these kinds of shenanigans. Anyone looking for what the next great crisis will be, this is it.