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A safe can always be opened by force.

An encrypted file cannot, assuming a suitably complex password.

Until you get to an encrypted file that has such a complex password it would take all of the energy and longer than the heat death of the universe to compute, it's just that you can't open it by force within a suitable timeframe.

An encrypted file cannot, given P!=NP (and a host of other assumptions, but P!=NP is the foundation), be decrypted.

So require proof that the file is not decryptable by other means before you can compel entering a password ;)

So citizens are being asked to give up fundamental freedoms because law enforcement is failing to do its job?

does the fifth guarantee some universal concept of mental privacy or does it prevent that information from being used in court?

You can’t take the fifth before a grand jury. I think there is a certain presumption that the actors are gentlemen that the law assumes. If you feel really strongly about that sort of privacy, you’d be well served to not find yourself in a criminal court trial.

There is both ambiguity and case law here.

It’s not