There was a rather interesting talk at the Forbes Under 30 summit last month on this, "How The Brain is Inspiring AI" [1], but I cannot find the video. Lavin argued neuro and cognitive science -inspiration, not derivation, is useful at varying levels of abstraction, i.e. Marr's levels [2]. He showcased three works at the respective levels: Tenenbaum et al at MIT [3], some Vicarious research [4], and Blake Richards' work towards "DL with segregated dendrites" [5].
[1] https://www.forbes.com/forbes-live/event/a-i-machine-learnin...
[2] http://blog.shakirm.com/2013/04/marrs-levels-of-analysis/
[3] https://cbmm.mit.edu/about/people/tenenbaum
[4] https://www.vicarious.com/2017/10/26/common-sense-cortex-and...