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As far as I know, you can pin your versions (something I always recommend), but those packages can always pull in other dependencies with version bumps. And NPM in particular encourages a massive plethora of micropackages, so the dependency tree gets extremely large.

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Do they? I'm not 100 percent sure about the npm package lock (because I don't typically use it), but I'm fairly sure that yarn's lockfile will lock the full dependency tree, including the dependencies of your dependencies. I believe npm's package lock will as well, but I'd have to double check that.

npm's package lock will lockfile the whole dependency tree, but there are easily overlooked differences between `npm install` and `npm ci` on respecting locked dependencies for things like semver-patch level changes.

`npm ci` is so new a lot of projects aren't using it and are still using `npm install` everywhere. (To be fair, evaluating if most of my projects should switch to `npm ci` in more places is still on my own personal devops backlog. This thread has reminded me to bump priority on that.)

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