I use CSS modules coupled with postcss (mainly for minimization and autoprefixing) and sass-loader almost exclusively. The one benefit from CSS-in-JS I can think of is when the JS needs to know of a value that would otherwise exist in CSS only.
For example, I'll usually have a constants.scss file that I @import in other files, which for example will have a $max-modal-width: 600px;
I have run across use cases where I want to read that value from JS, but I could never figure out how to do that and resorted to duplicating the constant's value in my code. CSS-in-JS would make this trivial.