They suffer a minor inconvenience as precision is lost. The US military frequently does selective jamming near bases and other ‘special’ areas.
Never mind that Aircraft will be under ATC in UK airspace, and ATC uses Radar + transponder to localise aircraft.
GPS is a navigational aid, not the primary navigation tool.
Much older. The basic "stack" uses radio beacons, not greatly different from early XX century tech. The more advanced Instrument Landing System is quite a bit more complex, but in very basic terms is a set of radio beacons that define a glide path. It is local, and requires no GPS.