In point of fact, there isn't as significant a difference between the two in active research and industry. Many (most?) stream ciphers actually use blocks internally. For example, Salsa (and its spiritual successor, ChaCha) both use blocks and rounds. From one legitimate perspective, a block cipher mode enabling streaming encryption is a generalization of a stream cipher.
When you develop a stream cipher without a block system internally[1], you're trying to remove the versatility of block cipher modes in exchange for (hopefully significant) improvements in speed and efficiency. This is very difficult to do while maintaining security. At the end of the day there are only so many ways to do confusion and diffusion.
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1. For example see Sosemanuk, which internally uses a linear feedback shift register and finite state machine.