Proper training of police (years, not weeks) and a policy of deescalation have at least as big an effect as rates of gun ownership
Has it occurred to you that cause and effect are non-obvious?
AIUI part of the reason most UK police does not carry a gun is precisely a policy of de-escalation — if the police doesn’t carry a gun, criminals don’t feel the need to match their firepower. Inversely, the fact that American law inforcement treats their beat like a warzone probably contributes to an escalation of violence on the other side too.
Same concept different application: escaping prison isn’t a crime in Germany. You will still be chased by law enforcement to serve the rest of your sentence but the act of running away isn’t a crime unto itself. This means an escapee is likely to avoid committing further crimes on their way out to avoid worsening their sentence, while an American escapee, facing a large penalty for escape itself, is likelier to take an in for a penny, in for a pound approach.
I'm not convinced. Committing crimes, esp. robberies, is much easier with guns. Not to mention that a lot of criminals are involved in intra- an intergang relations and in such environment, a drug dealer without a gun (for example) wouldn't last very long.
It seems reasonable then that this might weigh in as an occupation stressor for police officers.
Especially considering unregistered firearms outnumber registered firearms by 392:1.
In 2013 ... there were 33,636 deaths due to "injury by firearms" (10.6 deaths per 100,000 persons). These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides.[1]
Approximately 1.4 million people have died from firearms in the U.S. between 1968 and 2011.[2]
That’s approximately ten times the number of soldiers who died in the American War of Independence.[3]
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_number_of_civilian_g...
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_Sta...
I’m not convinced that someone that’s willing to shoot a police officer would be unwilling to smuggle weapons internationally.
Guns also get stolen all the time in Europe, yet we still manage.