Gpg supports looking up keys via this since 2.1.12 [2]. An example of how to lookup and get a key this way can be seen here [3].
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-koch-openpgp-webkey-servic...
[2] https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD
[3] https://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-devel/2018-June/0338...