IIRC, one of the reason Judit Polgar is so good at chess is because she uses the part of her brain that recognizes faces to remember certain board configurations (ever wonder how people can recognize faces they've seen briefly before so easily?). Her memory was trained from a very young age, but I'm not sure if the "rewiring" of her chess memory was intentional, or if it was just a case of the brain adapting (probably the latter).

They once did an experiment where they sat outside with her and a truck drove past with a particular chessboard configuration on the side. She glanced at it, then recreated the entire board in a few seconds. Then another truck drove past with a different configuration and she couldn't recreate it. She remembered the first one because it was from a game she'd seen before. She'd never seen the second one before so she couldn't remember it.