Things are precipitating to either a civil war or a fall for Maduro and a return to democracy. Unlike the Chavez years, the regime has lost the support of the majority of the population, but nonetheless there is a strong loyalist kernel. Maybe a quarter to a third of the people still support Maduro, either because they profit directly from their position in the party cleptocracy he instituted or because they remember the "good" Chavez years of high oil revenues and generous social spending and fear that a regime switch has the potential to make things ever worse for them.

It's essentially a class warfare in a highly divided society, that was political and is turning bloody. As always, authoritarians and populists very skillfully exploit such situations to get into power. The corollary is that it could happen anywhere similar conditions exist, like high inequality and dependence on mineral exports. Russia?