Vue templates are not in any way more of a totally new language than JSX is. Vue templates are simply XHTML snippets with added data bindings. JSX is not quite XHTML (you have to use className instead of class) with added data bindings.
I find Vue templates slightly cleaner for that reason, but the difference isn't big. How they're used is different, though: React wants everything, including the XHTML, to be javascript. Vue puts it all in HTML, with script tags for the javascript.