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Linux has at least 3 methods to hot swap the kernel to a new version. Rebooting is convenient but with some effort entirely optional.

Interesting. I only know about kexec. What are some other examples?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kexec#See%20Also I always forget about the oracle one. They along with pure kexec all have their tradeoffs.

Ah, right. Those allow applying small patches to a running kernel, but don't do a full kernel swap.